Proteomics of serum exosomes in children in the acute stage of Kawasaki disease: a prospective study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the biological processes and functions of serum exosomes in children in the acute stage of Kawasaki disease (KD), so as to provide new biomarkers for the early diagnosis of KD.@*METHODS@#In this prospective study, 13 children with KD who were treated in Children's Hospital of Soochow University from June 2019 to August 2020 were enrolled as the KD group, and 13 children who were hospitalized due to bacterial infection during the same period were enrolled as the control group. Whole blood was collected on the next morning after admission, serum samples were obtained by centrifugation, and exosomes were extracted through ultracentrifugation. Serum exosomes were analyzed by label-free quantitative proteomics, and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were screened out for functional enrichment analysis. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was plotted, and unique proteins were validated by targeted proteomics.@*RESULTS@#A total of 131 DEPs were screened out for the two groups, among which 27 proteins were detected in both groups. There were 48 unique DEPs in the KD group, among which 23 were upregulated and 25 were downregulated, and these proteins acted on "complement and coagulation cascades" and "the MAPK signaling pathway". Validation by targeted proteomics showed that FGG, SERPING1, C1R, C1QA, IGHG4, and C1QC proteins were quantifiable in the KD group. A total of 29 proteins were only expressed in the control group, among which 12 were upregulated and 17 were downregulated. Four proteins were quantifiable based on targeted proteomics, i.e., VWF, ECM1, F13A1, and TTR. A PPI network was plotted for each group. In the KD group, FGG and C1QC had close interaction with other proteins, while in the control group, VWF had close interaction with other proteins.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The serum exosomes FGG and C1QC in children in the acute stage of KD are expected to become the biomarkers for the early diagnosis of KD. For children with unexplained fever, detection of FGG, C1QC1, and VWF may help with etiological screening.

Advance in Spexin in metabolic diseases and feeding behavior / 国际儿科学杂志

Spexin is a new cytokine with a short peptide of 14 amino acids encoded by Ch12orf39, which can be identified by bioinformatics technology.The sequence of Spexin is widely expressed in various organs and is conserved during vertebrate evolution.The physiological effects of Spexin are getting increasing attention in recent years.The studies suggest Spexin plays multiple physiological functions, and the main ligands for biological effects are galanin receptor type 2 and galanin receptor type 3.Spexin palys an important biological role in energy metabolism and homeostasis, cardiovascular function and feeding behavior, and even can affect the regulation of pain and depression relief and reproductive function.This review aims to systemically summarize the Spexin and its related biological functions in metabolic diseases and feeding behavior.

Association between serum uric acid and subclinical cardiac damage in children with primary hypertension / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the condition of subclinical cardiac damage in children with primary hypertension and the association between serum uric acid and subclinical cardiac damage.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 55 children who were hospitalized and diagnosed with primary hypertension in the Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University from January 2015 to June 2020. Forty-five healthy children, matched for age and sex, were enrolled as the control group. The two groups were compared in terms of clinical features, laboratory examination, and parameters for left ventricular structure, systolic function, and diastolic function. The correlation of serum uric acid with the parameters for left ventricular structure, systolic function, and diastolic function in children with primary hypertension was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the hypertension group had significantly higher left ventricular mass (LVM), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and relative wall thickness (RWT) (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Children with primary hypertension may have subclinical cardiac damage such as left ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, left atrial enlargement, and proximal aortic dilation. Elevated serum uric acid is significantly associated with cardiac damage in children with primary hypertension.

Effect of Modified Buwangsan on Expression of Related Molecules in NLRP3 Inflammatory Signaling Pathway in Hippocampus of AD Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To investigate the effects of modified Buwangsan on the learning and memory ability of Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats and the expression of NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3), cysteine-containing aspartate-specific proteases 1 (Caspase-1) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in NLRP3 inflammatory pathway in hippocampus of AD model rats, and exploring the underlying mechanism of modified Buwangsan. Method::The 52 eligible rats were randomly divided into sham control group, AD model group, low-dose modified Buwangsan group (1.5 g·kg-1) and high-dose modified Buwangsan group (3 g·kg-1). AD mouse model was established by bilateral hippocampus injection of Aβ1-425 μL (2 g·L-1). The rats in low-dose and high-dose modified Buwangsan group received low and high dose modified Buwangsan respectively within the next 4 weeks, once daily. The learning and memory ability was tested by Morris water maze. The expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β mRNA was tested by quantitative PCR(Real-time PCR) and Western blot. Result::As compared with the sham group, the learning and memory ability of the rats were significantly impaired (P<0.05). Compared with AD model group, the learning and memory ability and the expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β mRNA and protein were all no statistical differences in low-dose modified Buwangsan group, while the learning and memory ability of the rats were significantly improved and the expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β mRNA in hippocampus of rats was significantly decreased in high-dose modified Buwangsan group (P<0.05). Conclusion::High-dose modified Buwangsan could attenuate neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of AD mouse model via inhibiting the expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β, which may be the mechanisms of modified Buwangsan could be used to ameliorate the learning and memory ability of AD mouse model.

The application of in vivo multi-channel recording methods in the studies of the affective pain in rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To record the electrical activities of Antirior cingulate cortex (ACC) neurons by in vivo multi-channel recording methods using the model of complete freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced conditioned place avoidance (C-CPA), which has been set up in our previous studies.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The electrode was self-made and the CPA responses were recorded by in vivo multi-channel recording method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The electrical activities of ACC neurons could be successfully recorded by the self-made electrode. (2) Before or after the injection of CFA, rats were respectively conditioned to the different place. The firing rates of ACC neurons in the CFA-paired place vs that in the non-CFA-paired place was (0.853 ± 1.377) imp/s vs (0.221 ± 0.971) imp/s (P < 0.05, n = 26). (3) The CPA responses in the CFA-paired place vs that in the non-CFA-paired place were (303.55 ± 61.77)s vs (140.32 ± 33.52)s(P < 0.05, n = 6).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The firing rates of rACC (rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex) neurons were involved in the occurrence of the affective pain.</p>

Analysis of distribution characteristics and drug resistance change of acinetobacter baumannii in primary hospital during 10 years / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics and drug resistance change of acinetobacter baumannii in prima‐ry hospital during 2005-2014 to provide reference for clinical rational drug use .Methods The infection characteristics of acineto‐bacter baumannii in primary hospital during 10 years and its resistance to 10 kinds of common antibacterial drugs was analyzed .Re‐sults A total of 576 strains of acinetobacter baumannii were isolated during 2005-2014 ,accounting for 31 .44% of all Gram nega‐tive bacteria ,which was significantly higher than that of Escherichia coli ,pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebsiella pneumonia bacillus (P<0 .05);446 strains were mainly originated from the sputum specimens (77 .43% ) and 290 strains(50 .35% ) from ICU ;the re‐sistant rate was 44 .44% for CSL ,62 .24% for MIN and more than 70 .00% for 8 kinds of antibacterial drugs of IPM ,MEM ,etc .;which to IPM ,CAZ ,SXT showed the declining trend year by year ,while which to MEM ,AMK ,LEV ,MIN showed the rising trend year by year .Conclusion The isolated acinetobacter baumannii strains in primary hospital are rised year by year ,and generally have resistance to commonly used antibacterial drugs ,the clinical doctors should rationally select antibacterial drugs according to the drug susceptibility test results for preventing the occurrence of acinetobacter baumannii infection .

Effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids diets after early over-feeding on expressions of ghrelin in gastric tissue and leptin in serum in adult rats / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To observe ghrelin expression in gastric tissue and serum leptin level of the early over-fed rats given ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) diets after weaning,and explore the effects of early over-feeding and diets intervention on the metabolic syndrome in adult rats.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal feeding group (NF group,10 per litter) or over-feeding group (OF group,3 per litter) in postnatal day 3,and then different diets were given after weaning (postnatal day 21).The OF group was separately given conventional diet (OF + Con group),high-fat diet (OF + HF group),or ω-3 PUFAs (OF + ω-3 group) ; while the NF group was separated into NF + Con group and NF + HF group.Body weight and food intake were recorded every week.In week 6 and week 16,glucose tolerance test was perforfmed.Serum leptin,ghrelin,and triglyceride were assayed by enzyme-linked immuno-absorbent assay.Ghrelin mRNA and protein levels in gastric tissue were quantified by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry.Results At week 16,energy intake,body weight and glucose intolerance in OF + HF group were significantly higher than in NF + HF group (t =-3.453,P =0.014 ; t =-6.406,P =0.000 ; F =16.249,P =0.000),and serum triglycerides,ghrelin mRNA of gastric tissue were significantly higher than those of OF + Con group (t =4.72,P =0.005 ; t =8.486,P =0.000).At week 16,the serum leptin level in OF + Con group was higher than that in NF + Con group (t =-3.274,P =0.031),also higher in OF + HF group than that in OF + Con group (t =3.028,P =0.014).There were no significant differences in serum ghrelin and the area of ghrelin immuno-positive cells in the gastric tissue among groups.The above indicators in OF + ω-3 group were not different from those of NF + Con group.Conclusions Over-feeding during the lactation period may lead to high susceptibility to obesity and disordered glucose and lipid metabolism.It can also increase serum leptin and ghrelin mRNA expression in gastric tissue,aggravate leptin resistance and feeding control disorders.Dietary ω-3 PUFAs offered protection against excessive accumulation of adipose tissue,glucose intolerance,leptin resistance,and maintained normal levels of leptin and ghrelin.

Early nutritional programming and later obesity / 国际儿科学杂志

Epidemiological studies indicate that obesity is associated with metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Early nutrition, especially during pregnancy and lactation can lead to the permanent programming of system by some adaptive effects in physiological, cellular and molecular levels. These adaptive effects persistently changed the metabolic throughout life, hence resulted in increased risk of obesity and metabolic related disease.This review focuses upon the influence of nutrition in early life on adulthood obesity and researches on their pathophysiological mechanism .